Legal Project Management Plan & Checklist
Defend unauthorized firearms possession charges under section 91 of the Criminal Code, including election strategy, disclosure, and trial litigation.
What is unauthorized possession of a firearm under section 91?: Under section 91(1) of the Criminal Code, it is an offence to possess a non-restricted, restricted, or prohibited firearm without holding the necessary licence and registration certificate. The Crown must prove physical possession and knowledge of the item's characteristics, but section 91 uses a modified objective standard of mens rea, making it a less serious regulatory offence than section 92.
What are the penalties for section 91 unauthorized possession?: Section 91 is a hybrid offence. If the Crown proceeds by summary conviction, the maximum penalty is 2 years less a day and/or a $5,000 fine. If prosecuted by indictment, the maximum penalty is 5 years imprisonment. Conditional Sentence Orders (CSOs) are legally available, and a mandatory section 109 weapons prohibition does not automatically apply unless discretionary public safety factors are met under section 110.
Defend charges of knowing possession of an unauthorized firearm under section 92 of the Criminal Code, focusing on subjective mens rea challenges.
Defend charges of possessing a loaded restricted firearm under section 95 of the Criminal Code, covering reverse onus bail and Bill C-5 sentencing.
Jurisdiction: Provincial Court or Superior Court of Justice, depending on the Crown's election and the defendant's mode of trial election.
The Process at a Glance: The process begins with bail litigation, which may trigger reverse onus provisions if the defendant has prior weapons convictions. Following release, defence counsel logs the Jordan start date and demands complete disclosure, including the forensic Analyst Certificate. Pre-trial stages involve Crown resolution meetings, Judicial Pre-Trials (JPT), and potential preliminary inquiries if the matter proceeds by indictment in the Superior Court. At trial, the defence may litigate Charter exclusion applications, cross-examine the firearms analyst, and contest the elements of knowledge and control.
Key Legislation and Case Law: Governed by the Criminal Code (RSC 1985, c C-46), specifically section 91 for unauthorized possession, section 84 for firearm classifications, and section 117.13 for Analyst Certificates. Delay calculations follow the ceilings established in R v Jordan [2016] 1 SCR 631. Release criteria are governed by section 515, subject to Bill C-48 reverse onus amendments.
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This legal matter plan provides a structured workflow for Criminal Law cases, outlining the standard Litigation process. Utilize these tracking templates to manage your legal cases efficiently.
| Field | Token | Type | Required | Defined in |
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| Matter(4) | ||||
| Matter numberⓘ | matter.matterNumber | text | Required | inheritedmatter-core |
| Matter title | matter.title | text | - | inheritedmatter-core |
| Matter typeⓘ | matter.matterType | text | - | inheritedmatter-core |
| Matter status | matter.status | text | - | inheritedmatter-core |
| Client(1) | ||||
| Client name | matter.clientName | text | Required | inheritedmatter-core |
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